A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a sudden bleed in the space around the brain. It’s not a headache you can ignore – it can turn life‑threatening in minutes. Understanding the warning signs, what triggers it, and how doctors act can help you act fast and possibly save a life.
Most people feel a "thunderclap" headache that hits like a hammer. It’s often described as the worst headache ever. You might also notice neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, or blurry vision. Some patients become confused or lose consciousness. If any of these pop up out of the blue, call 911 right away.
Even if you think the pain is just a migraine, don’t wait. SAH can happen without a head injury, especially if you have an aneurysm (a weak spot in a blood vessel) that bursts. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, heavy alcohol use, and a family history of aneurysms.
While waiting for emergency responders, keep the person still and calm. Do not give them food, drink, or medication unless a doctor tells you to. If they’re unconscious but breathing, place them on their side to keep the airway clear.
In the hospital, doctors use a CT scan to confirm the bleed. If an aneurysm is the cause, they may do a coiling or clipping procedure to stop more blood from escaping. Blood pressure control, pain management, and monitoring for complications like hydrocephalus (fluid buildup) are also part of the plan.
Recovery can be a long road. Rehab may involve physical therapy, speech therapy, and cognitive exercises. Support from family and caregivers makes a big difference, so keep communication open and stay involved in follow‑up appointments.
Every minute counts with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Knowing the signs, calling for help fast, and understanding what doctors will do can turn a scary event into a manageable emergency. If you or someone you love has any of these symptoms, act now – the outcome often depends on how quickly treatment starts.
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